History section of the Humanities LibreTexts bookshelves organizing materials into World History, National History, State and Local History, and Historical Studies.
Rulers
Rulers lists heads of state and government across countries and territories, with historical coverage reaching back to about 1700.
About Rulers
Rulers lists heads of state and heads of government for all countries and territories, going back to about 1700 in most cases, including de facto leaders in certain cases. It also covers subdivisions of various countries, a selection of international organizations, foreign ministers listed separately, ministers for selected countries, an Index of names, and a monthly chronicle of relevant events since 1996.
All dates are Gregorian, with asterisks marking uncertain term dates and notation for female rulers and birth and death years. Birth years may be questionable because sources conflict, a missing death year does not mean the person is still alive, and the Index does not include every name in the lists.
Key features
- Lists heads of state and government by country and territory
- Includes de facto leaders lacking formal head positions in certain cases
- Covers subdivisions and selected international organizations
- Lists foreign ministers for all countries separately
- Index with over 50,000 entries and linked biographies
- Monthly chronicle of relevant events since 1996
Best for: Readers and researchers who need historical lists of heads of state, heads of government, and ministers.
Good for
- Historical coverage back to about 1700 in most cases
- Includes subdivisions, international organizations, and foreign ministers
- Index contains over 50,000 entries with additional biographical details
Watch out for
- Birth years may be questionable due to contradictory sources
- Missing death year does not mean the person is still alive
- Index does not include every name appearing in the lists
Rulers at a glance
- Website
- rulers.org
- Category
- Education & Learning › History & Humanities
- Type
- Website
- Pricing
- Not confirmed. Check the site
- Platforms
- Web
- Open source
- Not stated
- Last checked
- Oct 5, 2026 · Online when checked
- Listed
- Oct 5, 2026
Rulers alternatives
Tools and sites you could use instead, ranked by how closely they match.
EveryPolitician tracks political office holders, including legislators, judges, and rulers around the world.
OilPrice publishes crude oil and gas price charts, futures information, energy news, and investment coverage.
Morbid Kuriosity publishes true crime stories, including coverage of missing people from Vancouver Island.
Data USA provides visualizations and reports based on public U.S. government data.
FlagLookup lets users search a database of country and U.S. state flags by colors, shapes, or patterns.
Popular in History & Humanities
Well-known listings from the same topic.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophyplato.stanford.edu/index.htmlPessimistsArchivepessimistsarchive.orgVGA Museumvgamuseum.infoABookOfCreaturesabookofcreatures.comU-boat Archiveuboatarchive.netGovTrackgovtrack.us
Rulers FAQ
How far back does Rulers coverage go?
About 1700 in most cases for heads of state and heads of government.
What does *1924 - 1925* mean?
The asterisk means the person is known to have been in office on those dates; the term began in 1924 or earlier and ended in 1925 or later.
What do the notations in the lists mean?
All dates are Gregorian (New Style), (f) indicates female rulers, b. means born, d. means died, and s.a. means see above.
Is something wrong or out of date?
Tell us and an editor will check it.
Own this website?
Claim this listing
Claim the listing and suggest updates yourself. An editor checks every claim first.